Lionel Horton-Smith’s definition of Merenda (1895)

Horton-Smith dates merenda, an afternoon meal to the Fifth Century BCE. He believes it is derived from mereo, another Latin word that suggests sharing. As the word evolved, the Italians use merenda and the Spanish as merienda It’s a stretch to link merenda with the...
Theodor Fontane’s Effi Briest (1896)

Theodor Fontane’s Effi Briest (1896)

Fontane’s take on adultery in Effi Briest is a long, long sad story hinging on a beach-picnic-love affair. At first, it’s a recreational outing for Effi Briest and a friend, Major von Crampas. But soon, the recreation becomes a cover for lust. Though...
Sarah Orne Jewett ‘s The Country of the Pointed Firs  (1896)

Sarah Orne Jewett ‘s The Country of the Pointed Firs (1896)

Jewett’s “The Reunion” and “The End of the Feast” are episodes describing the Bowden picnic reunion in Dunnet Landing, a fictional town in Maine. The Bowdens sit at long tables in a grove of trees overlooking the sea. It’s a festive...
The Columbian Cyclopedia’s Definition of Picnic (1897)

The Columbian Cyclopedia’s Definition of Picnic (1897)

Confused etymology. The editors should have known better than to claim that the “F. pique-nique is derived from Eng. picnic, and not vice versa.” PICNIC, n. pik’nlk [Eng. pick, to eat by morsels; nick, the former familiar name of the tankard for...
Carl Larsson’s Crayfish Season Opens (1897)

Carl Larsson’s Crayfish Season Opens (1897)

Larsson’s Crayfishing celebrates picnicking in late August when the crayfish are plentiful, the weather is temperate, and the days are very long. Larsson’s family scene shows the wholesomeness of family. In the immediate foreground, a child eyes the mounds of food on...
William Hamilton Gibson’s “Honey Dew Picnic” (1897)

William Hamilton Gibson’s “Honey Dew Picnic” (1897)

Gibson, nature writer and artist of the 1890s, describes the nature of things in “Honey Dew Picnic” from My Studio Neighbors (1897) is, a humorous essay about the feeding frenzy of insects in a forest. He says that while he never actually witnessed the...
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s Partie de Campagne (1897)

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s Partie de Campagne (1897)

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s Partie de Campagne, an 1897 lithograph, depicts a couple going off to spend a day in the country. Lautrec makes a visual pun by having a dog run behind the conveyance known as a dogcart. According to French usage of the day, Lautrec prefers...
Elizabeth von Arnim’s Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898)

Elizabeth von Arnim’s Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898)

Winter picnics are few, and among the best is Elizabeth von Arnim’s on a freezing afternoon on a bluff above the Baltic. On a brilliant January day, Elizabeth’s birthday, she travels about three hours in a horse-drawn carriage over deep snow to a bluff...
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s Le Pique-Nique (1898

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s Le Pique-Nique (1898

Le Pique-Nique was probably not Toulouse-Lautrec’s title because the French did not use pique-nique for such a meal. The subject is the Pierrot, the sad-sack clown, with whom Lautrec identified as a man who does not get the genuine affection of the woman he loves....
Frank Norris’s McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (1899)

Frank Norris’s McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (1899)

Norris’s picnic in McTeague is a moment of pleasure in a sad novel. McTeague’s courtship of Trina Sieppe intensifies at the Sieppe family’s Sunday picnic at Schuetzen Park. When Mrs. Sieppe asks him, “Don’t you think picnics are fine fun,...
Stephen Crane’s Shame (1900)

Stephen Crane’s Shame (1900)

Stephen Crane’s Whilomville Stories were written in haste and provided ready money. Maggie, A Girl of the Streets, written when he was twenty-three years old, lacks the polish of Crane’s future writing. Maggie was self-published and made no money....
L. Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)

L. Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)

Have you ever noticed that when Dorothy says, “There’s no place like home,” she’s eating a picnic lunch? Dorothy has just left Munchkin Country and is on her way to the Emerald City of Oz in the company of the Strawman. Though her meal is a...
Owen Wister’s The Virginian (1902)

Owen Wister’s The Virginian (1902)

Between 1892 and 1902, Owen Wister published stories about a man from Virginia who settled in Wyoming after the Civil War. When these were collected and published as The Virginian, A Horseman of the Plains, Wister declared the Old West was dead. The popularity of his...
Marian V. Loud’s Picnic on a Pyramid. (1904)

Marian V. Loud’s Picnic on a Pyramid. (1904)

Loudi’s storybook for girls is about a fairy who drives three girls from their farm to new places abroad in a magical flying automobile to the pyramids of the Madeira Islands, Constantinople. Loud is an author and illustrator Many stops Constantinople, Madeira See...
E.M. Forster’s “The Story of a Picnic” (1904)

E.M. Forster’s “The Story of a Picnic” (1904)

“The Story of a Panic” is one of several stories Leonard Wolff complained that were “Pan-ridden.” It was well-known that Pan was code for identifying gay men and women. Woolf’s complaint implies that a Pan story such as “The Story...
Leonid Andreyev’s The Red Laugh (1904)

Leonid Andreyev’s The Red Laugh (1904)

Photograph of Leonid Andreyev in the English edition of The Red Laugh (1905). Andreyev’s antiwar story conjures the nightmare of Russia’s war in Manchuria. The novel is constantly morose, and each chapter is a fragment. First of which beginsAndreyev’s antiwar story...

Henry James’s English Hours (1905)

Chief among James’s observations of Derby Day at Epsom is his astonishment at the picnicking on the carriage tops. It was a sight of madness. “The crowd was very animated; that is the most succinct description I can give of it. The horses of course had...
Henri Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (1905/06)

Henri Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (1905/06)

Matisse completed The Joy of Life [Le Bonheur de Vivre] (1905-1906), a lovers’ picnic in a garden. There is a cloth, though there is neither food nor drink. Who was it that said, “Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink”? [Also see Matisse’s Calm, Luxury, and...