Anthony Trollope’s Can You Forgive Her? (1864)

Anthony Trollope’s Can You Forgive Her? (1864)

Trollope’s beach picnic in Can You Forgive Her (1864) is highlighted with a stern warning: “Yarmouth is not a happy place for a picnic. A picnic should be held among green things. Green turf is absolutely essential. There should be, if possible, rocks, old...
Emile Zola’s Therese Raquin (1867)

Emile Zola’s Therese Raquin (1867)

Thérèse Raquin and her lover Laurent Le Claire murder her husband Camille at a picnic. It’s a pivotal episode, proving Zola’s contention that people acting out the “fatalities of their flesh” become brutes humaines. Everything about this picnic...
Émile Zola’s Madeleine Férat  (1868)

Émile Zola’s Madeleine Férat (1868)

Zola’s Madeleine Férat is dedicated to Édouard Manet. Defying the critical mainstream, Zola accepted Manet’s visual realism and his frank sensualism of Le déjeuner sur l’herbe and Olympia, which Zola defended against adverse criticism. Zola’s...
Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women (1868)

Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women (1868)

“Sunshine and laughter are good omens for a pleasure party,”  Alcott writes in Little Women. And when Laurie writes to Jo to explain his intentions, he promises sunshine and laughter. Dear Jo, What ho! Some English girls and boys are coming to see me...
Mark Twain ‘s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

Mark Twain ‘s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

Becky Sharp’s “pic-nic” begins with “a giddy and rollicking company” on an island in the Mississippi. After traveling by old ferryboat three miles below the town of Hannibal, the picnickers  “swarmed ashore and soon the forest distances and craggy heights echoed...
George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda (1876)

George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda (1876)

Eliot uses sport to illustrate gender relationships. Daniel Deronda has two archery picnics that do not meet the usual expectations of being joyous. Both archery picnics are metaphors in which Gwendolyn Harleth and the other women archers are contrasted to the goddess...
Emile Zola’s L’Assommoir (1877)

Emile Zola’s L’Assommoir (1877)

Zola’s pique-nique at the Moulin-d’argent [Silver Windmill] is not a picnic in our contemporary sense. According to French usage, it was a style of dining indoors. When Gervaise Macquart and Coupeau host their wedding party, each guest is expected to pay a...
Guy de Maupassant’s

Guy de Maupassant’s (1880)

De Maupassant knows that the picnic of this story is not the picnic you expect. Instead of grass, the setting is s a four-horse coach carrying ten passengers fleeing the Prussian army advancing on Rouen for safety at Le Havre. Instead of being congenial, all but one...
Guy De Maupassant’s “Une Partie de Campagne” (1881)

Guy De Maupassant’s “Une Partie de Campagne” (1881)

Maupassant uses the phrase une partie de campagne as a euphemism for an outdoor picnic. It’s a sad story about a romantic love that fizzles during a holiday celebrating a birthday, when the Dufours, a middle-class Parisian family, spend a day along the Seine at the...
Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Mount Royal (1882)

Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Mount Royal (1882)

Tintagel Castle and its Arthurian associations have perennial romantic appeal—but Mary Elizabeth Braddon is the first to fictionalize a picnic on the crag, and it’s her addition to Britain’s mythology. With lunch from a local inn, Christabel Courtnay,...