James Fenimore Cooper’s Home as Found  (1838)

James Fenimore Cooper’s Home as Found (1838)

After living abroad for eight years, James Fenimore Cooper regarded Cooperstown’s townspeople as his social inferiors. The locals understood him to be a snob. The matter became contentious when the locals contested Cooper’s ownership of The Point, a small...
Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield (1850)

Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield (1850)

“Blissful” is Dickens’s word to describe Copperfield’s tenderest memories of Dora Spenlow’s picnic birthday party. He’s about nineteen and obsessed, getting up before 6 AM to buy flowers, so they are fresh. The picnic is near...
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance (1852)

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance (1852)

Hawthorne’s memories of Brook Farm were a childish and boisterous masquerade picnic party for a six-year-old boy. Hawthorne refused to participate and “lay under the trees and looked on.” A decade later, Hawthorne refashioned this party an unpleasant...
Gustave Flaubert’s Emma Bovary (1856)

Gustave Flaubert’s Emma Bovary (1856)

Flaubert’s Madame Bovary is attack on the French bourgeoisie’s crudities and lack of taste. A pivotal moment occurs at Emma Rouault’s wedding party, a vaguely picnicky outdoor event. The party foreshadows Emma’s disastrous relationship with...
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s The Pearl of Orr’s Island  (1862)

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s The Pearl of Orr’s Island (1862)

Stowe’s The Pearl of Orr’s Island was published ten years after Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) is a story of the people who speak in the vernacular of Maine, on the road to the Kennebec, below the town of Bath. Its basis is Shakespeare’s The Tempest,...
Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s The Doctor’s Wife (1864)

Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s The Doctor’s Wife (1864)

The Doctor’s Wife is Braddon’s free adaptation of Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. Like Emma Bovary, Isabel Gilbert, the doctor’s unhappy wife, looks for romance. Unlike Emma, Isabel is never sexually seduced. She’s sullied but never ruined. There are...